golang常用的http请求操作

2023-11-07 22:51| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

之前用python写各种网络请求的时候写的非常顺手，但是当打算用golang写的时候才发现相对来说还是python的那种方式用的更加顺手，习惯golang的用法之后也就差别不大了，下面主要整理了常用的通过golang发起的GET请求以及POST请求的代码例子

golang发起GET请求基本的GET请求 //基本的GET请求 package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) func main() { resp, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } defer resp.Body.Close() body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) fmt.Println(resp.StatusCode) if resp.StatusCode == 200 { fmt.Println("ok") } } 带参数的Get请求 package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) func main(){ resp, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=zhaofan&age=23") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } defer resp.Body.Close() body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) }

但是如果我们想要把一些参数做成变量而不是直接放到url中怎么操作，代码例子如下：

package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "net/url" ) func main(){ params := url.Values{} Url, err := url.Parse("http://httpbin.org/get") if err != nil { return } params.Set("name","zhaofan") params.Set("age","23") //如果参数中有中文参数,这个方法会进行URLEncode Url.RawQuery = params.Encode() urlPath := Url.String() fmt.Println(urlPath) // https://httpbin.org/get?age=23&name=zhaofan resp,err := http.Get(urlPath) defer resp.Body.Close() body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) } 解析JSON类型的返回结果 package main import ( "encoding/json" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) type result struct { Args string `json:"args"` Headers map[string]string `json:"headers"` Origin string `json:"origin"` Url string `json:"url"` } func main() { resp, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get") if err != nil { return } defer resp.Body.Close() body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) var res result _ = json.Unmarshal(body,&res) fmt.Printf("%#v", res) } GET请求添加请求头 package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) func main() { client := &http.Client{} req,_ := http.NewRequest("GET","http://httpbin.org/get",nil) req.Header.Add("name","zhaofan") req.Header.Add("age","3") resp,_ := client.Do(req) body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Printf(string(body)) }

从上述的结果可以看出我们设置的头是成功了：

{ "args": {}, "headers": { "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Age": "3", "Host": "httpbin.org", "Name": "zhaofan", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/1.1" }, "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", "url": "https://httpbin.org/get" } golang 发起POST请求基本的POST使用 package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "net/url" ) func main() { urlValues := url.Values{} urlValues.Add("name","zhaofan") urlValues.Add("age","22") resp, _ := http.PostForm("http://httpbin.org/post",urlValues) body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) }

结果如下：

{ "args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": { "age": "22", "name": "zhaofan" }, "headers": { "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Content-Length": "19", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/1.1" }, "json": null, "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post" }

另外一种方式

package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "net/url" "strings" ) func main() { urlValues := url.Values{ "name":{"zhaofan"}, "age":{"23"}, } reqBody:= urlValues.Encode() resp, _ := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post", "text/html",strings.NewReader(reqBody)) body,_:= ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) }

结果如下：

{ "args": {}, "data": "age=23&name=zhaofan", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": { "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Content-Length": "19", "Content-Type": "text/html", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/1.1" }, "json": null, "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post" } 发送JSON数据的post请求 package main import ( "bytes" "encoding/json" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) func main() { client := &http.Client{} data := make(map[string]interface{}) data["name"] = "zhaofan" data["age"] = "23" bytesData, _ := json.Marshal(data) req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST","http://httpbin.org/post",bytes.NewReader(bytesData)) resp, _ := client.Do(req) body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) }

结果如下：

{ "args": {}, "data": "{\"age\":\"23\",\"name\":\"zhaofan\"}", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": { "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Content-Length": "29", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/1.1" }, "json": { "age": "23", "name": "zhaofan" }, "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post" } 不用client的post请求 package main import ( "bytes" "encoding/json" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) func main() { data := make(map[string]interface{}) data["name"] = "zhaofan" data["age"] = "23" bytesData, _ := json.Marshal(data) resp, _ := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post","application/json", bytes.NewReader(bytesData)) body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(body)) }

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